BroBeanz

 $$ Life=\int_{birth}^{death}\frac{happiness}{time} \,\delta time\ $$

Gross margin and markup are both used in business to add a profit margin to a product or service that is sold. It really does not matter which one you use but most companies use gross margin (MAR or GM). Both are calculated differently and you do not want to mix them up! Gross Margin: Gross margin is the percentage of total sales revenue that exceeds the cost of goods sold (COGS). It shows how much money is left over from sales after covering the direct costs associated with producing the goods or services.  It helps businesses understand the profitability of their products after considering production costs. A higher gross margin indicates that the company retains more money from each sale to cover operating expenses and generate profit. Gross Margin = Sales − COGS Sales × 100 \text{Gross Margin} = \frac{\text{Sales} - \text{COGS}}{\text{Sales}} \times 100 Markup: Markup refers to the amount added to the cost of a product to determine its selling price. It shows how much...

  The probability density function (PDF) of the standard normal distribution, often denoted as the bell-shaped curve or Gaussian distribution, serves as a fundamental tool in statistics and probability theory. It quantifies the likelihood of a random variable taking on a specific value, with higher probabilities associated with values near the mean and lower probabilities for values further from the mean. This PDF is invaluable for various applications, such as hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and estimating the likelihood of events occurring within a continuous range. If you are as ancient as I am, you will remember that probabilities were read of a t or z table. But there is no fun in that, is there? I was quite surprised that the HP10BII+ had this functionality already programmed in. Not even the venerable HP12C can calculate the P value. So well done for the HP10BII+. In any case, I had to find a way to calculate it with my DM15L/HP15C by integrating the formula. So ...